The four main types are living, testamentary, revocable and irrevocable trusts. However, there are further subcategories with a range of terms and potential benefits.
There are two main types of trusts: revocable and irrevocable.
With that said, revocable trusts, irrevocable trusts, and asset protection trusts are among some of the most common types to consider. Not only that, but these trusts offer long-term benefits that can strengthen your estate plan and successfully protect your assets.
Between the two main types of trusts, revocable trusts are the most common. This is primarily due to the level of flexibility they provide. In a revocable trust, the trustor (or the person who created the trust) has the option to modify or cancel the trust at any time during their lifetime.
Irrevocable trust
This type of trust can help protect your assets from creditors and lawsuits and reduce your estate taxes. If you file bankruptcy or default on a debt, assets in an irrevocable trust won't be included in bankruptcy or other court proceedings.
A revocable trust and living trust are separate terms that describe the same thing: a trust in which the terms can be changed at any time. An irrevocable trust describes a trust that cannot be modified after it is created without the beneficiaries' consent.
For example, a Trust can be used to avoid probate and reduce Estate Taxes, whereas a Will cannot. On the flipside, a Will can help you to provide financial security for your loved ones and enable you to pay less Inheritance Tax.
Common Types of Trusts
The five main types of trusts are living, testamentary, revocable, irrevocable, and funded or unfunded.
A deceased estate is a trust. Unlike a natural person or a company, a trust is not a legal entity in its own right, but a relationship between a trustee and beneficiaries. The trustee administers the trust property in the best interests of the beneficiaries.
For all practical purposes, the trust is invisible to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). As long as the assets are sold at fair market value, there will be no reportable gain, loss or gift tax assessed on the sale. There will also be no income tax on any payments paid to the grantor from a sale.
The downside to irrevocable trusts is that you can't change them. And you can't act as your own trustee either. Once the trust is set up and the assets are transferred, you no longer have control over them.
The person (or group of persons) the individual appoints to control and manage the assets in the trust is known as the trustee(s). Sometimes the settlor will also be a trustee. Finally, there's the person, or group of persons, who will benefit from the assets owned by the trust. They are known as the beneficiaries.
Whether the trust pays its own taxes depends on whether the trust is a simple trust, a complex trust, or a grantor trust. Simple trusts and complex trusts pay their own income taxes. Grantor trusts do NOT pay their own taxes – the grantor of the trust pays the taxes on a grantor trust's income.
After the grantor of an irrevocable trust dies, the trust continues to exist until the successor trustee distributes all the assets. The successor trustee is also responsible for managing the assets left to a minor, with the assets going into the child's sub-trust.
Some of your financial assets need to be owned by your trust and others need to name your trust as the beneficiary. With your day-to-day checking and savings accounts, I always recommend that you own those accounts in the name of your trust.
In simple trusts, the trustee is legal owner and simply holds as little more than a nominee for the beneficial owner. The beneficial owner may be in occupation of the property and has its full benefit.
Once you die, your living trust becomes irrevocable, which means that your wishes are now set in stone. The person you named to be the successor trustee now steps up to take an inventory of the trust assets and eventually hand over property to the beneficiaries named in the trust.
Irrevocable trusts protect lottery winnings because the assets legally do not belong to you. They also benefit your survivors as they are not subject to estate taxes. Blind trusts are also suitable as they protect your winnings from unscrupulous relatives and friends who want your property.
Suze Oman is an ardent proponent of living trusts, claiming that it eliminates extremely high lawyers' and executors' fees for property that goes through probate and that probate can take years, while a revocable trust can transfer property outside of probate much more quickly and with few costs.
A revocable trust can be changed at any time by the grantor during their lifetime, as long as they are competent. An irrevocable trust usually can't be changed without a court order or the approval of all the trust's beneficiaries. This makes an irrevocable trust less flexible.