Qualifying for the exclusion You're eligible for the exclusion if you have owned and used your home as your main home for a period aggregating at least two years out of the five years prior to its date of sale. You can meet the ownership and use tests during different 2-year periods.
Avoiding capital gains tax on your primary residence
You can sell your primary residence and avoid paying capital gains taxes on the first $250,000 of your profits if your tax-filing status is single, and up to $500,000 if married and filing jointly. The exemption is only available once every two years.
When selling a primary residence property, capital gains from the sale can be deducted from the seller's owed taxes if the seller has lived in the property themselves for at least 2 of the previous 5 years leading up to the sale. That is the 2-out-of-5-years rule, in short.
For example, a death in the family, losing your job and qualifying for unemployment, not being able to afford the house anymore because of a change in employment or marital status, a natural disaster that destroys your house, or you or your spouse have twins or another multiple birth.
If you have owned and occupied your property for at least 2 of the last 5 years, you can avoid paying capital gains taxes on the first $250,000 for single-filers and $500,000 for married people filing jointly.
This means right now, the law doesn't allow for any exemptions based on your age. Whether you're 65 or 95, seniors must pay capital gains tax where it's due.
Home sales can be tax free as long as the condition of the sale meets certain criteria: The seller must have owned the home and used it as their principal residence for two out of the last five years (up to the date of closing). The two years do not have to be consecutive to qualify.
If you have a capital gain from the sale of your main home, you may qualify to exclude up to $250,000 of that gain from your income, or up to $500,000 of that gain if you file a joint return with your spouse. Publication 523, Selling Your Home provides rules and worksheets.
Current tax law does not allow you to take a capital gains tax break based on age. In the past, the IRS granted people over the age of 55 a tax exemption for home sales. However, this exclusion was eliminated in 1997 in favor of the expanded exemption for all homeowners.
After the sale of your primary residence, you may exclude up to $250,000 of the capital gain (or up to $500,000 if you file a joint tax return with your spouse). To qualify for this exclusion, you must have owned and lived in your home as your primary residence for at least two of the five years before the sale date.
You're only allowed to exclude gain on the sale of a home once every two years. This is true unless the reduced gain exclusion rules apply. You usually can't exclude the gain on the sale of a home if both of these apply: You sold another home at a gain within the past two years.
The gain on the sale of a home is excluded from income only if, during that five-year period, the taxpayer owns and uses the property as a principal residence for periods totaling two years or more. Either 24 full months or 730 days will satisfy the two-year ownership and use requirements.
Here's how it works: Taxpayers can claim a full capital gains tax exemption for their principal place of residence (PPOR). They also can claim this exemption for up to six years if they moved out of their PPOR and then rented it out.
What Is the 2 Out of 5 Year Rule? In order to qualify for the principal residency exclusion, an owner must pass both ownership and usage tests. The two-out-of-five-year rule states that an owner must have owned the property that is being sold for at least two years (24 months) in the five years prior to the sale.
Subtract your basis (what you paid) from the realized amount (how much you sold it for) to determine the difference. If you sold your assets for more than you paid, you have a capital gain.
Capital Gains Tax for People Over 65. For individuals over 65, capital gains tax applies at 0% for long-term gains on assets held over a year and 15% for short-term gains under a year. Despite age, the IRS determines tax based on asset sale profits, with no special breaks for those 65 and older.
Gains aren't taxed until you begin withdrawing funds in retirement, at which time you may be in a lower tax bracket than you are now. Since retirement account funds are able to grow on a tax-deferred basis, the account balances may grow more than they would if capital gains taxes were assessed.
If you owned and lived in the home for a total of two of the five years before the sale, then up to $250,000 of profit is tax-free (or up to $500,000 if you are married and file a joint return). If your profit exceeds the $250,000 or $500,000 limit, the excess is typically reported as a capital gain on Schedule D.
Social Security earnings are often exempt from federal income taxes. If you file as an individual and your Social Security and other earnings total less than $25,000 per year, you may not have to pay federal income taxes.
If you meet certain conditions, you may exclude the first $250,000 of gain from the sale of your home from your income and avoid paying taxes on it. The exclusion is increased to $500,000 for a married couple filing jointly. This publication also has worksheets for calculations relating to the sale of your home.
Taxpayers who don't qualify to exclude all of the taxable gain from their income must report the gain from the sale of their home when they file their tax return. Anyone who chooses not to claim the exclusion must report the taxable gain on their tax return.
Use a 1031 Exchange
A 1031 exchange, a like-kind exchange, is an IRS program that allows you to defer capital gains tax on real estate. This type of exchange involves trading one property for another and postponing the payment of any taxes until the new property is sold.
Depending on who handles the closing of a property sale in your state you may or may not receive a Form 1099-S. Speak to your closing attorney or realtor to see if a 1099-S is being sent. But do not request one if not needed.
If you inherit property or assets, as opposed to cash, you generally don't owe taxes until you sell those assets. These capital gains taxes are then calculated using what's known as a stepped-up cost basis. This means that you pay taxes only on appreciation that occurs after you inherit the property.