What is promissory note and its requirements?

Asked by: Miss Willa Cronin Jr.  |  Last update: September 28, 2025
Score: 4.1/5 (8 votes)

A promissory note is a legally binding document in which the borrower agrees to repay the loan and any accrued interest and fees. The document also explains the terms and conditions of the loan. A signed, valid promissory note must be signed before loan funds can be disbursed.

What are the requirements for a promissory note?

A promissory note typically contains all the terms involved, such as the principal debt amount, interest rate, maturity date, payment schedule, the date and place of issuance, and the issuer's signature.

Will a promissory note hold up in court?

Promissory notes are legally binding contracts that can hold up in court if the terms of borrowing and repayment are signed and follow applicable laws.

What always needs to be in a promissory note?

A Promissory Note must always be written by hand. It must include all the mandatory elements such as the legal names of the payee and maker's name, amount being loaned / to be repaid, full terms of the agreement and the full amount of liability, beside other elements.

What is the disadvantage of a promissory note?

Disadvantages of a Promissory Note

Unlike a secured loan that comes with collateral, a promissory note is often unsecured. If the issuer defaults, the payee may face difficulty recovering their money. The payee may need to pursue legal action, which can be expensive and time-consuming.

How To Use Promissory Notes

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What makes a promissory note illegal?

A promissory note can become invalid if it excludes A) the total sum of money the borrower owes the lender (aka the amount of the note) or B) the number of payments due and the date each increment is due.

Who holds the promissory note while it's being repaid?

Your lender will keep the original promissory note until your loan is paid off.

What voids a promissory note?

A promissory note could become invalid if: It isn't signed by both parties. The note violates laws. One party tries to change the terms of the agreement without notifying the other party.

What is the most common example of a promissory note?

A simple promissory note might be for a lump sum repayment on a certain date. For example, let's say you lend your friend $1,000 and he agrees to repay you by December 1st. The full amount is due on that date, and there is no payment schedule involved.

How long is a promissory note valid?

Depending on which state you live in, the statute of limitations with regard to promissory notes can vary from three to 15 years. Once the statute of limitations has ended, a creditor can no longer file a lawsuit related to the unpaid promissory note.

Can you go to jail for a promissory note?

Promissory note fraud is a crime and those involved in a scam can face a lengthy prison sentence if convicted of fraud offenses.

Should a promissory note be notarized?

So, does a promissory note need to be notarized? A promissory note isn't required to be notarized in many US states. However, you may choose to have the document notarized by a notary public. This is because notarization can offer protection in the event of a lawsuit.

What happens if you can't pay a promissory note?

If the borrower does not repay you, your legal recourse could include repossessing any collateral the borrower put up against the note, sending the debt to a collection agency, selling the promissory note (so someone else can try to collect it), or filing a lawsuit against the borrower.

Is a handwritten promissory note legal?

Promissory notes are quite simple and can be prepared by anyone. They do not need to be prepared by a lawyer or be notarized. It isn't even particularly significant whether a promissory note is handwritten or typed and printed.

How do I get out of a promissory note?

To end an agreement made through a promissory note after the borrower has paid back the loan, you can use a release of promissory note form. It marks the deal as completed and helps tie up any loose ends.

What is the law of promissory note?

A "Promissory note" is an instrument in writing (not being a bank-note or a currency-note) containing an unconditional undertaking, signed by the maker, to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person, or to the bearer of the instrument.

What makes a promissory note valid?

Just as with some other types of contracts, there is a requirement for certain Notes that they be in writing and that requirement is located in the California Civil Code, 1624(a) which provides that certain contracts, “…are invalid unless the same, or some note or memorandum thereof, is in writing and subscribed by the ...

Does a promissory note create a lien?

While they are very similar, the unsecured promissory note only represents the borrower's promise to pay the full amount plus interest, while a mortgage puts a lien on the real estate that allows the lender to foreclose on it in the case of nonpayment.

How to write a simple promissory note?

But what exactly do you need to write a promissory note? Include their full legal names, addresses, and contact numbers—include any co-signers if applicable. The terms of this note should specify the amount borrowed, repayment terms (including interest rate, if applicable), and the due date or schedule of payments.

Can you sue someone for promissory note?

An unsecured promissory note does not use collateral. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender's only means of enforcement is by filing a lawsuit against the borrower.

Who is primarily liable on a promissory note?

It is the maker who is primarily liable on a promissory note. The issuer of a note or the maker is one of the parties who, by means of a written promise, pay another party (the note's payee) a definite sum of money, either on demand or at a specified future date.

Is a promissory note considered income?

The income generated by a Promissory Note, namely the interest collected on the borrowed amount, is taxable income for IRS purposes. The income is the interest earned by the lender on the Promissory Note for the tax year in question.

Can a promissory note be forgiven?

Dealing with Forgiveness: If a promissory note is forgiven, the forgiven amount might be considered income to the borrower and can be reported using IRS Form 1098. Transfer or Sale: Any gain realized from the sale or transfer of a promissory note must be reported as a capital gain or loss.

Can you buy a house with a promissory note?

Promissory notes are ideal for individuals who do not qualify for traditional mortgages because they allow them to purchase a home by using the seller as the source of the loan and the purchased home as the source of the collateral.

Who regulates promissory notes?

Additionally, although those selling them might not know or admit it, promissory notes are usually securities and must be registered with the SEC or the state in which they're sold—or they must have a specific exemption from registration under the law.