What is the difference between a promissory note and an IOU?

Asked by: Arnoldo Rolfson  |  Last update: September 15, 2025
Score: 4.8/5 (63 votes)

A promissory note is different from an I.O.U. because a promissory note says a person will pay the money back and lays out how and when it will be paid and other details. An I.O.U. just says that a person owes a debt to someone else.

What is the disadvantage of a promissory note?

Disadvantages of a Promissory Note

Unlike a secured loan that comes with collateral, a promissory note is often unsecured. If the issuer defaults, the payee may face difficulty recovering their money. The payee may need to pursue legal action, which can be expensive and time-consuming.

Is an IOU legally binding?

While an IOU is a legally binding agreement, it is generally not as formal as other legal documents. However, it is still wise to seek legal advice before creating or signing an IOU.

How legally binding is a promissory note?

Promissory notes are legally binding whether the note is secured by collateral or based only on the promise of repayment. If you lend money to someone who defaults on a promissory note and does not repay, you can legally possess any property that individual promised as collateral.

Will an IOU hold up in court?

Basically, the more detailed the IOU, the more likely it is to be enforceable. The fewer specifics an IOU has, the harder it is for a court to determine the obligations and rights of the principals involved in the IOU—or perhaps even who they are.

What is an IOU Promissory Note?

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What are the rules for IOU?

An IOU differs from a promissory note in that an IOU is not a negotiable instrument and does not specify repayment terms such as the time of repayment. IOUs usually specify the debtor, the amount owed, and sometimes the creditor. IOUs may be signed or carry distinguishing marks or designs to ensure authenticity.

What makes a promissory note invalid?

A promissory note could become invalid if: It isn't signed by both parties. The note violates laws. One party tries to change the terms of the agreement without notifying the other party.

Will a notarized promissory note hold up in court?

Notarization provides added legitimacy and security, making enforcing the promissory note in court easier. It also helps verify the authenticity of signatures, reducing the risk of disputes.

Who holds the promissory note while it's being repaid?

A lender holds the promissory note until the mortgage loan is paid off.

Can you go to jail for a promissory note?

In some circumstances, however, a promissory note is fraudulent and a promissory note scam is operated in order to improperly obtain investor funds. Promissory note fraud is a crime and those involved in a scam can face a lengthy prison sentence if convicted of fraud offenses.

Is an IOU the same as a promissory note?

A promissory note is different from an I.O.U. because a promissory note says a person will pay the money back and lays out how and when it will be paid and other details. An I.O.U. just says that a person owes a debt to someone else.

Does a promissory note need to be signed by both parties?

Depending on the state, there may be a statute requiring certain types of negotiable instruments, including promissory notes, to be notarized. You would need to speak with a local attorney to know for sure, but both parties to a promissory note need to sign it in order for the other party to enforce it against them.

How to write a simple IOU note?

What to include in a promissory note:
  1. Names and addresses of both parties.
  2. Amount of money borrowed (principal amount)
  3. Amount to be repaid (principal and interest)
  4. When and how often payments will be made (payment schedule, or “due dates”)
  5. Interest rate and repayment specifics.

Can you be sued for a promissory note?

Demand for payment: The lender can demand that the borrower immediately repay the outstanding balance according to the terms of the promissory note. Legal action: The lender may choose to take legal action against the borrower to recover the outstanding balance, often by filing a lawsuit for breach of contract.

Is a handwritten iou legal?

Yes, a handwritten IOU is a legal document. Whether the agreement was typed or written by hand, the IOU can still hold up in court and be used to recover debts.

What makes a promissory note void?

Changes Made without a New Agreement

Modifying a promissory note without all parties' consent can void the note. Proper documentation and agreement through a new contract or amendment are necessary to maintain the note's validity.

Can I write my own promissory note?

Writing a promissory note is simple when you have the right promissory note template and the right information to hand. But what exactly do you need to write a promissory note? Include their full legal names, addresses, and contact numbers—include any co-signers if applicable.

Does a promissory note make the borrower personally liable for the debt?

Signing a promissory note means you're liable for repaying the loan. It contains the terms for repayment.

Can you buy a house with a promissory note?

Promissory notes are ideal for individuals who do not qualify for traditional mortgages because they allow them to purchase a home by using the seller as the source of the loan and the purchased home as the source of the collateral.

Do I need a lawyer for a promissory note?

While a lawyer isn't mandatory for drafting a promissory note, it is a good idea to seek legal advice if you plan on lending or borrowing money.

Does an IOU need to be notarized?

A promissory note is like a written promise or IOU for everything from car loans to loans between family members. Even without a signature from a notary public, it can still be a valid promissory note.

Is a handwritten promissory note legal?

Promissory notes are quite simple and can be prepared by anyone. They do not need to be prepared by a lawyer or be notarized. It isn't even particularly significant whether a promissory note is handwritten or typed and printed.

What are the problems with promissory notes?

Fraud and investor deception related to promissory notes is significant. Fraudulent promissory note programs often promise very high or guaranteed returns to investors, state that the notes are backed by collateral to guarantee them, or make other appealing but ultimately unfounded claims.

What happens if you can't pay a promissory note?

If the borrower does not repay you, your legal recourse could include repossessing any collateral the borrower put up against the note, sending the debt to a collection agency, selling the promissory note (so someone else can try to collect it), or filing a lawsuit against the borrower.

Does a promissory note need two signatures?

Signatures and Legal Binding

Signatures from both parties make a promissory note legally binding.