What is the difference between trustees and co-trustees?

Asked by: Kim Ullrich  |  Last update: April 27, 2025
Score: 4.8/5 (16 votes)

Some trusts are set up to have co-trustees, which is when there is more than one trustee on the trust. And unless the trust specifically is written otherwise, co-trustees hold the same fiduciary responsibilities as a singular trustee and with an equal amount of power.

Are trustees and co-trustees the same?

A trustee is established as the manager of trust and the distributor of trust assets to beneficiaries. A co-trustee serves the same function, but they work with another trustee through the process.

What are the disadvantages of a co-trustee?

Disagreements and Delays: Co-trustees may disagree on decisions or interpretations of the trust document, leading to delays in trust administration. Shared Liability: Each co-trustee is jointly responsible for the management of the trust, meaning if one makes a mistake, all co-trustees could be held liable.

What are the benefits of having a co-trustee?

One of the most significant advantages of naming co-trustees is the built-in system of checks and balances. With more than one trustee, you ensure that no single individual has unchecked control over your trust.

What happens if co-trustees disagree?

What happens if trustees disagree. In California, co-trustees in dispute can seek judicial assistance by filing a petition for instructions in Superior Court. This legal measure requests the judge to offer guidance on the conflict, helping to direct co-trustee actions according to the trust's terms and California law.

The Difference Between Successor Trustees and Co-Trustees

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How much power does a co-trustee have?

A co-trustee is one of multiple trustees serving simultaneously, typically with equal powers and duties. They share the responsibility of managing the trust's assets. Sometimes, a co-trustee can temporarily step in if the primary trustee is unavailable, such as during an illness.

Can a co-trustee remove a beneficiary?

Can a Trustee Change the Beneficiary? Trustees generally do not have the power to change the beneficiary of a trust. The right to add and remove beneficiaries is a power reserved for the settlor of the trust; when the grantor dies, their trust will usually become irrevocable.

Can a co-trustee withdraw money from a trust?

Yes, a trustee in California can withdraw money from a trust, but only under certain conditions. The authority to withdraw and use trust funds must be in accordance with the terms of the trust document and California law.

Can co-trustees sue each other?

And when co-trustees are appointed, trustees not only have the ability to contest certain aspects of a trust, they may have the duty to do so. Specifically, if one co-trustee concludes that the other co-trustee(s) are breaching their duties, they have the obligation to take legal action against their co-trustee.

What are the disadvantages of being a trustee?

Serving as an executor or trustee is a significant responsibility that requires careful consideration. While there are benefits, such as personal satisfaction and potential compensation, there are also drawbacks, including time commitment, emotional strain, and potential legal liability.

What can a trustee not do?

What a Trustee Cannot Do
  • Use Trust Assets for Personal Gain. ...
  • Ignore or Mismanage Trust Assets. ...
  • Making Decisions Without Due Consideration. ...
  • Disclose Confidential Information. ...
  • Delegating Responsibilities Without Appropriate Oversight. ...
  • Making Decisions Based on Conflict of Interest. ...
  • Act Outside the Scope of a Trust.

Should siblings be co-trustees?

On the surface, it may seem like the best way to protect their legacy is to keep trust management within the family. However, this plan may backfire due to practicality or family dynamics. Appointing two or more siblings as co-trustees could create logistical problems.

What happens when a co-trustee of a trust dies?

Co-trustees are trustees who manage the trust together. When a co-trustee dies, the remaining co-trustee often becomes the sole trustee. For example, suppose you and your spouse are co-trustees of your joint revocable trust. If you die, your wife becomes the trustee.

What are the rights of a co-trustee?

Co-trustees may have equal powers, or their powers may be divided in accordance with the trust instrument. Two trustees can be required to obtain the consent of the other trustees before taking certain actions, or you can authorize one co-trustee to act alone.

How many trustees can a family trust have?

It is possible to include either one corporate trustee or up to three individual trustees. A trustee can also be a beneficiary provided that it is not the sole trustee and beneficiary. If there is another trustee, or another beneficiary as well, then it is acceptable.

Do trustees own the trust?

A trustee acts as the legal owner of trust assets and is responsible for handling any of the assets held in trust, tax filings for the trust, and distributing the assets according to the terms of the trust.

What is the problem with co-trustees?

What are the Pitfalls of a Co-Trustee? One of most difficult aspects of co-trustees working together is the requirement of unanimity. A majority rule does not exist for two co-trustees. The management of the trust means there must be agreement on all action taken.

Are trustees personally liable for debts?

Trustees are personally liable for all decisions they take in that capacity, and their liability is not automatically limited to the value of the trust fund.

Can a trustee sue a beneficiary?

In this case, the trustee can and must sue the offending beneficiary. The rules for any trustee to sue include showing a proper cause of action, such as a tort, contract, or quasi-contract claim, and showing the resulting damages.

Can a trustee take all the money?

Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.

What is the biggest mistake parents make when setting up a trust fund?

Selecting the wrong trustee is easily the biggest blunder parents can make when setting up a trust fund. As estate planning attorneys, we've seen first-hand how this critical error undermines so many parents' good intentions.

Do you pay taxes on a trust inheritance?

Key Takeaways. Funds received from a trust are subject to different taxation rules than funds from ordinary investment accounts. Trust beneficiaries must pay taxes on income and other distributions from a trust. Trust beneficiaries don't have to pay taxes on principal from the trust's assets.

Who has more right, a trustee or the beneficiary?

A trustee typically has the most control in running their trust. They are granted authority by their grantor to oversee and distribute assets according to terms set out in their trust document, while beneficiaries merely reap its benefits without overseeing its operations themselves.

Can a trustee go to jail for stealing from trust?

Under California law, embezzling trust funds or property valued at $950 or less is a misdemeanor offense and is punishable by up to 6 months in county jail. If a trustee embezzles more than $950 from the trust, they can be charged with felony embezzlement, which carries a sentence of up to 3 years in jail.

How much does it cost to contest a trust?

Depending on the complexity of the case, it may cost anywhere from a few thousand dollars to $100,000 or more to dispute the terms of a trust.