As a starting point, Fidelity suggests you consider withdrawing no more than 4% to 5% from your savings in the first year of retirement, and then increase that first year's dollar amount annually by the inflation rate.
In short, his analysis suggests that over a 30 year retirement, it makes very little difference if you take your distributions, annually, quarterly, or monthly.
Deferring Social Security payments, rolling over old 401(k)s, setting up IRAs to avoid the mandatory 20% federal income tax, and keeping your capital gains taxes low are among the best strategies for reducing taxes on your 401(k) withdrawal.
One of the easiest ways to lower the amount of taxes you have to pay on 401(k) withdrawals is to convert to a Roth IRA or Roth 401(k).
As a general rule, if you withdraw funds before age 59 ½, you'll trigger an IRS tax penalty of 10%. The good news is that there's a way to take your distributions a few years early without incurring this penalty. This is known as the rule of 55.
In this case, the conventional wisdom goes that you should withdraw from your taxable accounts first, then tax-deferred, then tax-free. That's because the money you take from a taxable account (such as a brokerage account) is likely to be taxed at the rate for capital gains or qualified dividends.
The easiest way to borrow from your 401(k) without owing any taxes is to roll over the funds into a new retirement account. You may do this when, for instance, you leave a job and are moving funds from your former employer's 401(k) plan into one sponsored by your new employer.
Roll over your 401(k) to a Roth IRA
You can roll Roth 401(k) contributions and earnings directly into a Roth IRA tax-free. Any additional contributions and earnings can grow tax-free. You are not required to take RMDs. You may have more investment choices than what was available in your former employer's 401(k).
Do you pay taxes twice on 401(k) withdrawals? We see this question on occasion and understand why it may seem this way. But, no, you don't pay income tax twice on 401(k) withdrawals. With the 20% withholding on your distribution, you're essentially paying part of your taxes upfront.
The Only Way to Safely Implement the 7% Rule
A GLWB allows you to withdraw up to 7% of your annuity's value annually, ensuring you receive income for life, even if the annuity's balance is exhausted.
With only a few exceptions, your 401(k) distributions are subject to a mandatory 20% withholding. Money withheld from your distributions applies toward your tax bill, similar to paycheck withholding when you're working a job.
The 4% rule is a popular retirement withdrawal strategy that suggests retirees can safely withdraw the amount equal to 4% of their savings during the year they retire and then adjust for inflation each subsequent year for 30 years.
The short answer is that yes, you can withdraw money from your 401(k) before age 59 ½. However, early withdrawals often come with hefty penalties and tax consequences.
The safe withdrawal rule is a classic in retirement planning. It maintains that you can live comfortably on your retirement savings if you withdraw 3% to 4% of the balance you had at retirement each year, adjusted for inflation.
One frequently used rule of thumb for retirement spending is known as the 4% rule. It's relatively simple: You add up all of your investments, and withdraw 4% of that total during your first year of retirement. In subsequent years, you adjust the dollar amount you withdraw to account for inflation.
Transferring Your 401(k) to Your Bank Account
That's typically an option when you stop working, but be aware that moving money to your checking or savings account may be considered a taxable distribution.
If you decide to roll over your entire 401(k) balance, you can roll all your pre-tax dollars into a traditional IRA and all your nondeductible contributions into a Roth IRA. You wouldn't pay taxes on this type of conversion because you already paid taxes on your nondeductible contributions the year you made them.
Traditional 401(k) withdrawals are taxed at the account owner's current income tax rate. Roth 401(k) withdrawals generally aren't taxable, provided the account was opened at least five years ago and the account owner is age 59½ or older.
Since Jan. 1, 2024, however, a new IRS rule allows retirement plan owners to withdraw up to $1,000 for unspecified personal or family emergency expenses, penalty-free, if their plan allows.
Borrowing from your 401(k) may be the best option, although it does carry some risk. Alternatively, consider the Rule of 55 as another way to withdraw money from your 401(k) without the tax penalty.
A rollover doesn't typically trigger tax complications, as long as you move a traditional 401(k) into a traditional IRA or another traditional 401(k) or a Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA or another Roth 401(k).
The 4% rule is perhaps the most common of all retirement withdrawal strategies. Using this strategy, you withdraw 4% of your savings in the first year of retirement. In each year that follows, you use 4% as a baseline and scale the amount to account for inflation.
The $1,000-a-month rule for retirement states that you'll need $240,000 in savings for every $1,000 of monthly retirement income. The rule assumes a 5% annual withdrawal rate. So if you want $4,000 in monthly retirement income from investments, you'd need to save at least $960,000.