Decide whether to buy more, cut your losses or hold
The decision will come down to the valuation of the stock after the decline and the other investment opportunities available to you.
Do you owe money if a stock goes negative? No, you will not owe money on a stock unless you are using leverage, such as shorts, margin trading, etc., to trade.
Wait it out. The stock market is the best for long term investments. If the market is currently going through fall, you should continue with your usual investments instead of panicking or trying to invest by timing the market. Over a long period of time, your investments will give you steady returns.
If you are a short-term investor, certificates of deposit (CDs) issued by banks and Treasury securities are a good bet. If you invest for a longer period, fixed or indexed annuities or even indexed universal life insurance products can provide better returns than Treasury bonds.
On average, it takes around five months for a correction to bottom out, but once the market reaches that point and starts to turn positive, it recovers in around four months. Stock market crashes, however, usually take much longer to fully recover.
Report any worthless securities on Form 8949. You'll need to explain to the IRS that your loss totals differ from those presented by your broker on your Form 1099-B and why. You need to treat securities as if they were sold or exchanged on the last day of the tax year.
Investors often wonder where their money went when stocks plummet. Stock price shifts are more about changing perceptions of value rather than money physically moving from one place to another. So in truth, it doesn't vanish—instead, the investment's perceived value changes.
If you own securities, including stocks, and they become totally worthless, you have a capital loss but not a deduction for bad debt.
Your investment is put into various asset options, including stocks. The value of those stocks is directly tied to the stock market's performance. This means that when the stock market is up, so is your investment, and vice versa. The odds are the value of your retirement savings may decline if the market crashes.
The reality is that stocks do have market risk, but even those of you close to retirement or retired should stay invested in stocks to some degree in order to benefit from the upside over time. If you're 65, you could have two decades or more of living ahead of you and you'll want that potential boost.
Selling a losing position helps preserve your fund and prevent further losses, especially in volatile or declining markets. Holding onto a losing position comes with an opportunity cost that ties up money that could be used for more profitable investments.
Key Takeaways. While holding or moving to cash might feel good mentally and help avoid short-term stock market volatility, it is unlikely to be wise over the long term. Once you cash out a stock that's dropped in price, you move from a paper loss to an actual loss.
According to IBD founder William O'Neil's rule in "How to Make Money in Stocks," you should sell a stock when you are down 7% or 8% from your purchase price, no exceptions. Having a rule in place ahead of time can help prevent an emotional decision to hang on too long. It should be: Sell now, ask questions later.
Always remember, you generally won't owe money if a stock goes negative, unless you're trading on margin. Trading isn't rocket science. It's a skill you build and work on like any other.
Take a short-selling position. Going short in bearish times is one of the most common bear market strategies among traders. As a trader, you'll short-sell when you expect a market's price will fall. If you predict this correctly and the market you're trading on does decline in value, you'll make a profit.
Write it off. The silver lining of any investment loss is the ability to use it to offset capital gains (or offset ordinary income, up to $3,000 per year). Not only is it a tax-smart strategy, but also knowing that you leveraged a loss to save on taxes can provide some consolation as well as boost morale.
Your maximum net capital loss in any tax year is $3,000. The IRS limits your net loss to $3,000 (for individuals and married filing jointly) or $1,500 (for married filing separately). You can reduce any amount of taxable capital gains as long as you have gross losses to offset them.
Sell Worthless Stock if Your Broker Holds the Shares
And you sure don't want to pay a brokerage commission to get rid of your worthless shares. Many brokers have a plan to let their good customers sell them worthless stock for $1 or 1c for the lot. If you are a good customer, and stock is with the broker, ask.
Starting with the “tech wreck” in 2000, inflation totaled 35.7%, prolonging the real recovery in purchasing power an additional seven years and nine months. The bounce-back from the 2008 crash took five and a half years, but an additional half year to regain your purchasing power.
If you're taking a long-term perspective on the stock market and are properly diversifying your portfolio, it's almost always a good time to invest. That's because the market tends to go up over time, and time in the market is more important than timing the market, as the old saying goes.