IDR plans calculate your monthly payment amount based on your income and family size. So if your income increases, so does your payment amount. On PAYE and IBR, we limit your payments so that even if your income increases, your payments never go higher than what you'd pay on the Standard Plan.
More interest builds up when you have smaller payments over a longer repayment period. If your income goes up or your family size goes down, your monthly payment amount could increase.
Repayment plans based on your income are a smart choice to lower your payment. For example, payments on the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan are no more than 10% of your discretionary income. The lower your income—or the larger your family size—the less you'll pay each month.
If you meet the eligibility requirements, PAYE is often objectively better due to its lower payment cap and shorter repayment term. However, if you have loans from the FFEL program or do not meet the borrowing date requirements for PAYE, IBR is the better option for you.
With PAYE, your monthly payments might be too small to cover the interest your loan accrues monthly. This is known as negative amortization.
Switching IDR plans means you are leaving one IDR and applying for another, like moving from PAYE to SAVE, or SAVE to PAYE, or IBR to SAVE or PAYE.
Switching to an income-driven repayment plan won't directly affect your credit score. But, a lowered monthly payment will lower your debt-to-income ratio. That can be good for your credit. On the other hand, you will get an extended loan term, so you'll have the debt for longer.
Prioritizing debt by interest rate.
The avalanche method can save you both money and time. Chipping away at your priciest debts first reduces what you'll pay in interest in the long run. In turn, you can use the savings to help pay down what you owe and speed up the repayment process.
Under the Standard Repayment Plan, you'll make fixed monthly payments of at least $50 for a period of up to 10 years for all loan types except Direct Consolidation Loans and FFEL Consolidation Loans.
Other borrowers might have to consolidate federal student loans to qualify for IDR. Your income might be too high to qualify: If 10% of your discretionary income is higher than your monthly payment on a standard repayment plan, then you won't be able to benefit from the Income-Based Repayment or PAYE plans.
Income-Based Repayment Plan Eligibility
Uninsured private loans, Parent PLUS loans, loans that are in default, consolidation loans that repaid Parent PLUS loans, and Perkins loans are not eligible.
If you're already on an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan, you may be able to lower your payment by updating your income information. You can pause payments through deferment or forbearance, but that approach has pros and cons.
Cons of income-driven repayment plans
Recertification: You need to recertify your income and family size every year; your payment can go up or down if your situation has changed. Possible tax impact: You may need to pay income tax on any amount that's forgiven.
Under the PAYE Plan, IBR Plan, or ICR Plan
If you don't recertify your income by the annual deadline, you'll remain on the same IDR plan, but your monthly payment will no longer be based on your income.
PAYE is also an eligible repayment plan for borrowers seeking to qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. In order to qualify for PAYE, you need to have borrowed your first federal student loan after October 1, 2007, and you need to have borrowed a Direct Loan or a Direct Consolidation Loan after October 1, 2011.
The Best Ways to Pay Off Debt
Debt consolidation, the debt snowball method and the debt avalanche method are some of the best ways to tackle debt, especially if you have high-interest credit card balances. Here's what you need to know about how each strategy works and when to consider it.
As long as you remain on the PAYE or IBR plan and you meet the other requirements for loan forgiveness, you will qualify for forgiveness of any loan balance that remains at the end of the 20- or 25-year period.
Under all of the income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, your required monthly payment amount may increase or decrease if your income or family size changes from one year to the next or if you switch repayment plan.
Plus, you'll still be making progress toward loan forgiveness, which you can receive after 20 or 25 years on an IDR plan. Your $0 monthly payments can also count toward Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), which offers loan forgiveness after 10 years of working at a qualifying not-for-profit or government agency.
The biggest difference between the two plans is that PAYE limits the amount of interest that can be capitalized, or added to your balance; new IBR does not.
If you want to leave the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan, you'll need to request a different repayment plan. After you submit a new Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) Plan Request or Repayment Plan Request: You'll be placed on the new repayment plan.
How to pick the best income-driven repayment plan for you. Overall, the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) plan comes out as the winner against Income-Based Repayment: PAYE lowers your monthly payments to 10% of your discretionary income. PAYE offers loan forgiveness after 20 years, no matter when you borrowed your loans.