Credit utilization — the portion of your credit limits that you are currently using — is a significant factor in credit scores. It is one reason your credit score could drop a little after you pay off debt, particularly if you close the account.
You paid off a loan
Paying off something like your car loan can actually cause your credit score to fall because it means having one less credit account in your name. Having a mix of credit makes up 10% of your FICO credit score because it's important to show that you can manage different types of debt.
Unfortunately, your credit score won't increase if you pay off a collection account because the item won't be taken off your credit report. It will show up as “paid” instead of “unpaid,” which might positively influence a lender's opinion.
While it can be discouraging to see a slight dip in your credit score after paying off a personal loan, remember that the drop will only be temporary — over time, continuing to make on-time payments on your other accounts and being mindful of your credit utilization can help you increase your credit score.
How long does it take for my credit score to update after paying off debt? It can often take as long as one to two months for debt payment information to be reflected on your credit score. This has to do with both the timing of credit card and loan billing cycles and the monthly reporting process followed by lenders.
Credit scores can drop due to a variety of reasons, including late or missed payments, changes to your credit utilization rate, a change in your credit mix, closing older accounts (which may shorten your length of credit history overall), or applying for new credit accounts.
Collections show on your credit report, and outstanding collections will raise concerns for lenders. Charge-offs are debts that cannot be collected and are written off by the lender. Any debt overdue (120 days for loans, 180 days for credit card debt) must be written off.
Some credit scoring models exclude collection accounts once they are paid in full, so you could experience a credit score increase as soon as the collection is reported as paid. Most lenders view a collection account that has been paid in full as more favorable than an unpaid collection account.
Yes, it is possible to have a credit score of at least 700 with a collections remark on your credit report, however it is not a common situation. It depends on several contributing factors such as: differences in the scoring models being used.
Credit utilization — the portion of your credit limits that you are currently using — is a significant factor in credit scores. It is one reason your credit score could drop a little after you pay off debt, particularly if you close the account.
FICO credit scores, the industry standard for sizing up credit risk, range from 300 to a perfect 850—with 670 to 739 labeled “good,” 740-799 “very good” and 800 to 850 “exceptional.” A 700 score places you right in the middle of the good range, but still slightly below the average credit score of 711.
Closing an account removes the credit limit on that card from the utilization calculation, which can potentially affect your scores by raising your overall debt usage ratio on your remaining open revolving accounts. In a sense, monitoring your credit score can be a lot like monitoring your blood pressure.
A conventional loan requires a credit score of at least 620, but it's ideal to have a score of 740 or above, which could allow you to make a lower down payment, get a more attractive interest rate and save on private mortgage insurance.
Contrary to what many consumers think, paying off an account that's gone to collections will not improve your credit score.
If you have a collection account that's less than seven years old, you should still pay it off if it's within the statute of limitations. First, a creditor can bring legal action against you, including garnishing your salary or your bank account, at least until the statute of limitations expires.
Generally speaking, having a debt listed as paid in full on your credit reports sends a more positive signal to lenders than having one or more debts listed as settled. Payment history accounts for 35% of your FICO credit score, so the fewer negative marks you have—such as late payments or settled debts—the better.
If your credit score is a 649 or higher, and you meet other requirements, you should not have any problem getting a mortgage. Credit scores in the 620-680 range are generally considered fair credit. There are many mortgage lenders that offer loan programs to borrowers with credit scores in the 500s.
The credit scores and reports you see on Credit Karma should accurately reflect your credit information as reported by those bureaus. This means a couple of things: The scores we provide are actual credit scores pulled from two of the major consumer credit bureaus, not just estimates of your credit rating.
Collection Accounts
FHA does not require collection-accounts to be paid off as a condition of mortgage approval. However, FHA does recognize that collection efforts by the creditor for unpaid collections could affect the borrower's ability to repay the mortgage.
The Takeaway
Should you pay off debt before buying a house? Not necessarily, but you can expect lenders to take into consideration how much debt you have and what kind it is. Considering a solution that might reduce your payments or lower your interest rate could improve your chances of getting the home loan you want.
If you haven't used credit in more than 10 years, your old accounts have most likely dropped off your credit report by now, which means there's nothing in your credit history to score. Credit scores represent the information in your credit report.
If you've made a late payment or have other derogatory information listed on one of your credit reports, it could cause your score to drop at least 30 points. Also, using more of your available credit or closing one of your oldest credit card accounts could cause a large drop in your score.
Your score can then differ based on what bureau your credit report is pulled from since they don't all receive the same information about your credit accounts. Secondly, different credit score models (and versions) exist across the board. As it states on its website, Credit Karma uses the VantageScore® 3.0 model.
Consequently, when lenders check your FICO credit score, whether based on credit report data from Equifax, Experian, or TransUnion, they will likely use the FICO 8 scoring model. FICO 8 scores range between 300 and 850. A FICO score of at least 700 is considered a good score.