Billionaires often pay lower effective tax rates because they earn most wealth from asset appreciation (capital gains), not salaries, with gains taxed only when sold, allowing them to use strategies like borrowing against assets for living expenses instead of selling. The U.S. tax code favors this type of income, taxing it lower than wages, and uses loopholes like trusts and complex investment strategies to defer or avoid taxes, meaning their wealth grows untaxed until realized.
Every year, America's richest citizens paper over their earnings with losses and use other creative accounting strategies to shelter their fortunes, as the tax code allows them to do. As a result, the country's billionaires pay lower tax rates than many of its millionaires do.
Taking Advantage of Capital Gains, Not Salary
One of the biggest reasons Bezos pays little in personal income tax is that he doesn't rely on a traditional salary. Instead, he holds most of his wealth in Amazon stock. Here's why this matters: Capital gains taxes are much lower than income taxes in most cases.
Their primary assets-stocks, businesses, real estate grow in value year after year, but because this growth is taxed only at sale and billionaires often need not sell, they pay no tax on their rising fortunes.
For example, if you're single and earn $1 million in taxable income, you'll fall into the highest tax bracket, which is currently 37%. This means that you'll pay 37% in federal income taxes on the portion of your income that exceeds the threshold for the highest tax bracket.
We thought Michigan residents might be interesting in learning how Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and several company insiders are using a legal tactic called a “grantor-retained annuity trust” to avoid paying hundreds of millions of dollars in estate and gift taxes on their Facebook shares.
Musk also sold a small fraction of the additional shares he already owned, sales that fetched a taxable $5.8 billion at a lower capital gains rate. Together those stock trades likely resulted in roughly an $11 billion federal tax bill, which he has tweeted about.
“Tesla: The company has used mechanisms like deferred tax assets, research and development credits, and massive deductions from Elon Musk's stock-based compensation to reduce its U.S. federal income tax to near zero in profitable years.”
Yes, Jeff Bezos famously kept his Amazon base salary at around $80,000 per year for decades, choosing to take most of his compensation through stock options, which grew immensely as the company succeeded, making him one of the world's wealthiest individuals without a high executive paycheck. He felt he had enough incentive as a major owner and preferred building wealth by increasing the value of his existing equity rather than taking more salary or bonuses.
Yes, Elon Musk pays taxes, but his payments vary significantly year-to-year, often coming in large bursts when he sells Tesla stock to realize gains from stock options, as seen with his reported $11 billion federal tax bill for 2021, a massive payment triggered by stock option exercises, contrasting with other years where he's paid little to no federal income tax due to holding appreciating stock, according to reports from Americans For Tax Fairness (2021), ABC7 (2021), ProPublica (2021), and CNBC (2021). His wealth, primarily tied to stock, isn't taxed until shares are sold, meaning he can have huge wealth growth with little income tax in certain years, but triggers massive tax bills when exercising options or selling shares, as detailed in reports from Americans For Tax Fairness (undated), CNN (2022), and The Guardian (2021).
WASHINGTON — The wealthiest 1 percent of Americans are the nation's most egregious tax evaders, failing to pay as much as $163 billion in owed taxes per year, according to a Treasury Department report released on Wednesday.
In some years, billionaires such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and George Soros paid no federal income taxes at all. Billionaires avoid these taxes by taking out special ultra-low-interest loans available only to them and using their assets as collateral.
Tesla paid $0 in federal income tax last year. 2022: $0 2021: $0 2020: $0 2019: $0 2018: $0 Tesla reported $6.7 billion in profit in those years.
The math alone kills this question. Musk is worth $600B, but giving $1M to every person on Earth would cost ~$8 quadrillion. Also, that $600B isn't cash, it's company equity. Billionaires don't “have” money like that; they hold assets and borrow against them.
Googlers call Zuckerberg's approach the 80 percent rule
She calls this idea the 80 percent rule. It states you should schedule only about 80 percent of your days. Leave 20 percent open to absorb whatever craziness comes up.
The share of income taxes paid by the top 1 percent increased from 33.2 percent in 2001 to 40.4 percent in 2022. While the share has generally been increasing over the period, 2020 and 2021 are outlier years largely because of significant changes in income and tax policy during the coronavirus pandemic.
Warren Buffett
Buffett is currently worth $136 billion (£107bn). One of Buffett's most famous quotes is about not leaving his vast fortune to his children: "I want to give my kids just enough so that they would feel that they could do anything, but not so much that they would feel like doing nothing".
With a salary that's comparatively low, Bezos' worth is mostly tied to his investments. If the billionaire doesn't sell, those holdings can't be taxable— notes ProPublica. In other words, by not paying himself much annually, Bezos was likely able to save millions, perhaps even billions.
Introduced in House (11/29/2023) This bill imposes a minimum tax on individual taxpayers whose net worth for the taxable year exceeds $100 million. The tax is equal to 25% of the sum of a taxpayer's taxable income, plus net unrealized gains for the taxable year.
Unemployment compensation generally is taxable. Inheritances, gifts, cash rebates, alimony payments (for divorce decrees finalized after 2018), child support payments, most healthcare benefits, welfare payments, and money that is reimbursed from qualifying adoptions are deemed nontaxable by the IRS.