Why is it a bad idea to name multiple beneficiaries for a retirement account?

Asked by: Estrella Schmitt  |  Last update: March 2, 2025
Score: 4.3/5 (61 votes)

It's generally a bad idea to name more than one beneficiary, for two reasons. First, if you name your spouse and someone else as beneficiaries, your spouse loses the special benefits and flexibility they would otherwise have. Second, it complicates things.

Can you name multiple beneficiaries on a 401k?

You may designate multiple primary beneficiaries. You must allocate a percentage of the account to each beneficiary, so that all percentages add up to 100%. To designate more than 50% to any other beneficiary, your spouse may need to consent who you designate as beneficiaries.

Who should you never name as your beneficiary?

Estranged relatives or former spouses – Family relationships can be complicated, so think carefully if an estranged relative or ex-spouse really aligns with your wishes. Pets – Pets can't legally own property, so naming them directly as beneficiaries is problematic.

What happens when you have multiple beneficiaries?

For example, you could name three primary beneficiaries, such as siblings, each receiving a third of the payout. If one of them can't accept the benefit, the other two would split it evenly, while the contingent beneficiary would only receive anything if none of the primary beneficiaries are able to claim it.

Can you name multiple beneficiaries on an IRA?

An IRA Beneficiary Designation Form will generally allow you to name multiple beneficiaries, or you can consider breaking the IRA into smaller accounts and having a separate beneficiary for each one.

Why You Should Always Have Contingent Beneficiaries on Your Retirement Accounts

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How many retirement beneficiaries can you have?

In the absence of a spouse or partner, members can name multiple primary beneficiaries, or one or more secondary beneficiaries to receive benefits if no primary beneficiaries remain at the time of a member's death.

Can you leave an IRA to multiple beneficiaries?

(Good to know: There can be multiple beneficiaries for each IRA set up by an original depositor.) If you're one of the beneficiaries of an original IRA owner's traditional IRA, then you would establish an inherited traditional IRA to deposit those funds.

Can a pension have multiple beneficiaries?

You can name a combination of persons, trusts and organizations as your beneficiaries. However, you cannot name your spouse as one of multiple beneficiaries because pension legislation requires that your spouse be your sole beneficiary.

How many beneficiaries can be on one account?

Yes, there is no limit to the number of POD beneficiaries allowed on an account. Each POD beneficiary will receive an equal share of the assets in an account at the time of the passing of the last owner on the account. For example, if there are 4 POD beneficiaries, each will receive 25% of the funds.

What happens if one of the primary beneficiaries of an IRA dies?

If the deceased beneficiary did name beneficiaries to receive his portion of the IRA upon his death, they will receive his portion of the IRA assets. Keep in mind, however, that such secondary beneficiaries would not be able to use their own life expectancies to determine the required payments.

Should I name trust as beneficiary of retirement accounts?

However, the trust is often named as the IRA beneficiary when there are no exceptional circumstances to do so. While there are certainly reasons, such as a special needs beneficiary, when it would be appropriate, in most instances a trust is a poor IRA beneficiary.

Who is the best person to name as beneficiary?

A lot of people name a close relative—like a spouse, brother or sister, or child—as a beneficiary. You can also choose a more distant relative or a friend. If you want to designate a friend as your beneficiary, be sure to check with your insurance company or directly with your state.

Should I name my child as my pension beneficiary?

Naming Your Child as a Beneficiary Can Saddle Your Child's Guardian with Burdensome Legal Obligations. The guardian of the property has many legal obligations. This person must obtain permission from a judge to buy and sell certain assets and may be required to obtain permission before using the money for the child.

Who are the beneficiaries of retirement accounts?

A beneficiary is generally any person or entity the account owner chooses to receive the benefits of a retirement account or an IRA after they die. The owner must designate the beneficiary under procedures established by the plan.

What happens to my dad's retirement when he dies?

When a participant in a retirement plan dies, benefits the participant would have been entitled to are usually paid to the participant's designated beneficiary in a form provided by the terms of the plan (lump-sum distribution or an annuity).

What is the 5 year rule for 401k beneficiaries?

Five-year rule

The distribution must be completed by the end of the year containing the fifth anniversary of the owner's death. Any non-individual beneficiary (except for a qualified trust) must use the five-year rule if the owner died before beginning to take RMDs.

What happens when there are multiple beneficiaries?

There are two aspects of beneficiary designation:

You can list a primary beneficiary who will receive 100% of the proceeds and then name a secondary (or contingent) beneficiary to receive 100% of the proceeds in case your primary can't accept benefits for any reason.

Can beneficiaries access bank accounts?

If you are indeed designated as a beneficiary on the account, the bank will release the contents of the account to you. If you are unsure where the decedent banked, you may consider asking the decedent's family members, the executor/administrator of their estate or the trustee of their trust.

What happens if you don't name a beneficiary retirement account?

If you die with your IRA account and no beneficiary designated, what happens is the plan documents will determine who the default beneficiary is. So, typically, it's the decedent's estate or the surviving spouse.

Who gets pension if no beneficiary is named?

If no beneficiary designation is in effect at the time of death, lump-sum benefits are paid to surviving family members in the following order: 1 . Spouse or registered domestic partner, or if none, 2 . Children (natural or adopted), or if none, 3 .

Can you name multiple beneficiaries?

Consider Multiple Beneficiaries: You can name primary beneficiaries (the first in line to inherit) and contingent beneficiaries (who inherit if the primary beneficiaries cannot). This ensures that your assets are distributed as intended, even if circumstances change.

What happens to a 401k when someone dies?

If there is no designated beneficiary for a 401k, the account typically becomes part of the deceased's estate. It then goes through the probate process, where a court supervises the distribution of assets according to the will or state law if there is no will.

At what age is IRA withdrawal tax free?

If you're at least age 59½ and your Roth IRA has been open for at least five years, you can withdraw money tax- and penalty-free. See Roth IRA withdrawal rules.

What is the new IRS rule for inherited IRAs?

Before the Secure Act of 2019, heirs could "stretch" inherited IRA withdrawals over their lifetime, which helped reduce yearly taxes. But certain accounts inherited since 2020 are subject to the "10-year rule," meaning IRAs must be empty by the 10th year following the original account owner's death.

What happens when you inherit a retirement account?

As a nonspouse beneficiary inheriting an IRA from a parent, you have two options: You either can withdraw the account as a lump sum, transfer it into an inherited IRA in your name or do a combination of the two.