If you inherit money outright it means a distribution is yours to spend, save, or invest as you see fit. If you inherit money in trust, assets will be controlled by the trustee, although you have the right to access them under specific circumstances dictated by the trust document.
Trusts can be used to only allow the beneficiary to receive the bulk of the inheritance when he or she is old enough to spend it wisely. The list is not all-inclusive. The bottom line is that a trust provides far more potential asset protection than an outright inheritance.
The grantor can set up the trust so the money is distributed directly to the beneficiaries free and clear of limitations. The trustee can transfer real estate to the beneficiary by having a new deed written up or selling the property and giving them the money, writing them a check or giving them cash.
Beneficiaries of a trust typically pay taxes on the distributions they receive from a trust's income. The trust doesn't pay the tax. Beneficiaries aren't subject to taxes on distributions from the trust's principal, however. The principal is the original sum of money that was placed into the trust.
Gifts and inheritance Personal income types
If you received a gift or inheritance, do not include it in your income. However, if the gift or inheritance later produces income, you will need to pay tax on that income.
An irrevocable trust transfers asset ownership from the original owner to the trust, with assets eventually distributed to the beneficiaries. Because those assets don't legally belong to the person who set up the trust, they aren't subject to estate or inheritance taxes when that person passes away.
Typically, a revocable trust with clear provisions for outright distribution might conclude within 12 to 18 months. However, in simpler cases, the process can take an average of 4 to 5 months without complications.
If the trustee is not paying beneficiaries accurately or on time, legal action can be taken against them.
Selecting the wrong trustee is easily the biggest blunder parents can make when setting up a trust fund. As estate planning attorneys, we've seen first-hand how this critical error undermines so many parents' good intentions.
The ability of a beneficiary to withdraw money from a trust depends on the trust's specific terms. Some trusts allow beneficiaries to receive regular distributions or access funds under certain conditions, such as reaching a specific age or achieving a milestone.
For the inheritance process to begin, a will must be submitted to probate. The probate court reviews the will, authorizes an executor and legally transfers assets to beneficiaries as outlined. Before the transfer, the executor will settle any of the deceased's remaining debts.
A living trust, unlike a will, can keep your assets out of probate proceedings. A trustor names a trustee to manage the assets of the trust indefinitely. Wills name an executor to manage the assets of the probate estate only until probate closes. Trusts tend to be more expensive and more complex to maintain than wills.
Trusts protect your children's interests, and the assets in them avoid probate (which maintains privacy). You can appoint a company, such as the one that helped you establish the trust, or a knowledgeable and trusted person as the trustee to manage assets and control distributions from the trust.
Beneficiaries of a standard revocable trust with clear distribution guidelines typically receive their inheritance within 12 to 18 months. This timeframe may vary due to the trust's complexity or administrative hurdles, underscoring the importance of open communication between trustees and beneficiaries.
A trust fund is a legal entity that holds property and assets and can provide financial, tax, and legal protections. A grantor sets it up and funds it with money or assets. One or more beneficiaries receive the assets under specified terms. The trustee manages the trust and distributes its assets at a prescribed time.
While a trustee may not legally withhold trust assets based on their own discretion, they may withhold assets if the power and discretion is afforded to them by the terms laid out in the trust document.
If you are the designated beneficiary on a deceased person's bank account, you typically can go to the bank immediately following their death to claim the asset. In general, there is no waiting period for beneficiaries to access the money; however, keep in mind that laws can vary by state and by bank.
Ultimately, trustees can only withdraw money from a trust account for specific expenses within certain limitations. Their duties require them to comply with the grantor's wishes. If they breach their fiduciary duties, they will be removed as the trustee and face a surcharge for compensatory damages.
A good first step for the beneficiary is to meet with the trustee who is tasked with executing the terms of the trust. It may be an individual, such as a CPA or lawyer, family member, or potentially a corporate trustee such as Wells Fargo Bank.
Beneficiaries of a trust are usually only taxed on the earnings portions of their distributions, and whether those earnings are taxed as income or capital gains depends on how they were earned. Who pays those taxes depends on how the trust was set up. Estate planning can be complicated, so it pays to be prepared.
Typically, this means establishing a bank account just for the trust that only the trustee has access to. The trustee can then use this account to write checks, schedule ACH or wire transfers or withdraw cash. The trustee is responsible for keeping track of any and all withdrawals of money from the trust.
Inheritance checks are generally not reported to the IRS unless they involve cash or cash equivalents exceeding $10,000. Banks and financial institutions are required to report such transactions using Form 8300. Most inheritances are paid by regular check, wire transfer, or other means that don't qualify for reporting.
Parents often make the mistake of choosing a trustee based solely on personal relationships without considering their financial acumen, integrity, and willingness to serve. Choosing one of the children is not always the best choice as other beneficiaries may see their role with suspicion.
The trust fund loophole refers to the “stepped-up basis rule” in U.S. tax law. The rule is a tax exemption that lets you use a trust to transfer appreciated assets to the trust's beneficiaries without paying the capital gains tax. Your “basis” in an asset is the price you paid for the asset.