Do I have to pay taxes on settled debt?

Asked by: Dr. Grayce Herzog III  |  Last update: November 26, 2025
Score: 4.8/5 (6 votes)

Depending on the rest of your financial status, when you have a settled debt for less than the full amount owed, you may owe taxes on the money that was forgiven. The IRS considers any debt cancelation of $600 or more as additional income — and taxable — even if you didn't actually receive any money.

Do I pay taxes on settled debt?

You should expect to pay the same income tax rate for settled debt as you pay on your income. For example, if you're in the 22% income tax bracket and have $600 worth of canceled debt, the tax bill would come out to $132 ($600 x 0.22).

How to avoid paying taxes on forgiven debt?

Bankruptcy and insolvency

Even if you receive a Form 1099-C from a lender, you still may be able to avoid taxation on the forgiveness of a debt. If your debt was discharged in a Title 11 bankruptcy proceeding, such as a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 case, you're not responsible for taxes on that debt.

How does a settlement affect your taxes?

The general rule regarding taxability of amounts received from settlement of lawsuits and other legal remedies is Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 61. This section states all income is taxable from whatever source derived, unless exempted by another section of the code.

Do you pay taxes on debt?

The IRS regards settled debt as gross income, which is assessed at the ordinary income tax rate. All forgiven debt must be reported to the IRS at tax time. There are some exceptions and exclusions tied to debt forgiveness taxation.

Do I Have To Pay Taxes On A Debt Settlement

16 related questions found

What type of debt is tax free?

Certain types of debt are not subject to taxation, however, such as debt that is canceled due to a gift, bequest, or inheritance, certain types of student loan forgiveness, and debt discharged through Chapter 7, 11, and 13 bankruptcy.

How to avoid paying taxes on settlement money?

  1. Tip 1: Use a Structured Settlement Annuity.
  2. Tip 2: Use the Plaintiff Recovery Trust.
  3. Tip 3: Use Both an Annuity and the Plaintiff Recovery Trust.
  4. Tip 4: Maximize the Medical Expense Exclusion.
  5. Tip 5: Allocate All Damages in the Settlement Agreement.

What type of settlements are not taxable?

What Lawsuit Settlement is not Taxable? Compensation money awarded for visible injuries is considered tax-free, so there is no need to include these settlements in your yearly tax report. As mentioned, settlement awards from personal injury lawsuits that demonstrate “observable bodily harm” are not taxable by the IRS.

Is paying off someone's debt taxable?

What are the tax implications? Answer: If a friend or family member pays your student loans off, it is probably a non-taxable gift to you. However, your friend or family member may be responsible for filing gift tax returns and for paying any applicable gift tax on the payment.

Do I have to report settlement money to the IRS?

However, not all forms of income are considered to be taxable. The state and federal tax codes are separate. However, the portions of a personal injury award or settlement that are considered taxable income by the IRS will also likely be considered taxable income by the California Franchise Tax Board.

What are the pros and cons of debt settlement?

Pros and cons of debt settlement
  • Lower your debt amount. ...
  • Get creditors and collectors off your back. ...
  • Your creditors may not agree to negotiate. ...
  • You could end up with more debt. ...
  • You may be charged fees, even if your whole debt isn't settled. ...
  • It could negatively impact your credit.

How can I use my debt to not pay taxes?

Wealthy family borrows against its assets' growing value and uses the newly available cash to live off or invest in other assets, like rental properties. The family does NOT owe taxes on its asset-leveraged loans because the government doesn't tax borrowed money.

How are forgivable loans taxed?

The IRS considers forgiven debt to be taxable income because it is an economic benefit. This means that if your lender agrees to forgive a portion of your loan, the amount forgiven will be treated as income, and you must pay taxes on it.

What happens when a debt is settled?

Sometimes known as debt relief, debt settlement occurs when you and a creditor agree to settle debt for less than what you owe. That settlement can involve reducing the principal amount in exchange for a lump-sum payment or decreasing the interest rate.

Do I have to pay taxes on cancelled debt?

Generally, if you borrow money from a commercial lender and the lender later cancels or forgives the debt, you may have to include the cancelled amount in income for tax purposes. The lender is usually required to report the amount of the canceled debt to you and the IRS on a Form 1099-C, Cancellation of Debt.

How badly does a 1099-C affect my taxes?

This can lower or even remove the tax burden on canceled debt, depending on how much you owe compared to what you own. For example, if $5,000 of your debt has been cancelled, and your total liabilities are $3,000 more than your assets, only $2,000 of the cancelled debt is taxable.

How to avoid paying taxes on debt settlement?

You may be able to reduce or eliminate the tax liability by claiming an exclusion or exception, such as insolvency, bankruptcy, or qualified principal residence indebtedness. Failure to report your forgiven debt could attract an IRS audit and future tax penalties and interest charges.

What debt is not taxable?

The most common situations when cancellation of debt income is not taxable involve: Bankruptcy: Debts discharged through bankruptcy are not considered taxable income. Insolvency: If you are insolvent when the debt is cancelled, some or all of the cancelled debt may not be taxable to you.

Is it illegal to pay off someone else's debt?

The short answer is yes, you can pay off someone else's debt in a variety of ways depending on the type of debt. For example: You can gift the person the money so they can pay off the balance in full and don't have to worry about paying you back.

Is money received in a settlement taxable?

How Much Tax Do You Pay on Personal Injury Lawsuit Settlements? Settlement money and damages collected from a lawsuit are considered income, which means the IRS will generally consider that money taxable. However, personal injury settlements are an exception.

What kind of income is not taxable?

Disability and worker's compensation payments are generally nontaxable. Supplemental Security Income payments are also tax-exempt. Disability compensation or pension payments from the Department of Veterans Affairs to U.S. military Veterans are tax-free as well.

Can I gift my settlement check?

Your settlement check is meant to be used for the personal injuries that you suffered from your accident. If you sign over the settlement check to someone else, it is the same as saying, “No, I'm good.

How to calculate taxes on settlements?

Report the full settlement amount on Line 21 of Form 1040, even if your attorney's fees were deducted. Include any interest received on Line 2 of Form 1040. Complete Schedule C to report your attorney fees and other legal expenses related to the lawsuit. These fees may be deductible.

Can the IRS take money from a lawsuit settlement?

The IRS can only pursue those portions of the settlement not intended as reimbursement for property loss or physical injury. So, while this may not always happen, it is possible that the IRS might take at least some of your personal injury settlement.

Can a settlement check be direct deposited?

Once your attorney receives your settlement check, direct deposit is an option, but that doesn't mean you'll see the cash in your account right away. However, you can still get cash to pay for medical bills and living expenses. You can receive a portion of future settlement proceeds via pre-settlement funding.