Since loans have to be paid back, they do not count as income. And the wealthiest people have plenty of collateral, such as the shares they hold. So they can hold onto shares, use them as collateral without cashing them out, and get access to cash without paying taxes on it, since it's technically borrowed money.
Billionaires (usually) don't sell valuable stock. So how do they afford the daily expenses of life, whether it's a new pleasure boat or a social media company? They borrow against their stock. This revolving door of credit allows them to buy what they want without incurring a capital gains tax.
Buy, Borrow, Die Strategy: This strategy involves buying appreciating assets, borrowing against them, and letting heirs inherit the assets to avoid capital gains tax. Managing Leverage Risks: Leveraging debt can increase wealth, but it also magnifies risk, liquidity issues, and costs, hence needs careful management.
There are several ways you might reduce your estate, including spending assets, giving assets away, buying life insurance and putting assets in trusts. For most people who are impacted by the estate tax, trusts are integral to reducing an estate's size and may help to reduce estate taxes.
Others will object to taxing the wealthy unless they actually use their gains, but many of the wealthiest actually do use their gains through the borrowing loophole: They get rich, borrow against those gains, consume the borrowing, and do not pay any tax.
Here's how it works: First, the affluent individual or family “buys” an asset with potential to grow over time. Next, rather than selling these assets when they need funds (which would require them to pay capital gains taxes), they “borrow” against them using the asset as collateral.
“It is a simple fact that billionaires in America can live very extraordinarily well completely tax-free off their wealth,” law professor Edward J. McCaffery writes. They can do so by borrowing large sums against their unrealized capital gains, without generating taxable income.
They stay away from debt.
Car payments, student loans, same-as-cash financing plans—these just aren't part of their vocabulary. That's why they win with money. They don't owe anything to the bank, so every dollar they earn stays with them to spend, save and give! Debt is the biggest obstacle to building wealth.
In some years, billionaires such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and George Soros paid no federal income taxes at all. Billionaires avoid these taxes by taking out special ultra-low-interest loans available only to them and using their assets as collateral.
Wealthy family buys stocks, bonds, real estate, art, or other high-value assets. It strategically holds on to these assets and allows them to grow in value. The family won't owe income tax on the growth in the assets' value unless it sells them and makes a profit.
The short answer is that they don't take a traditional income and most of their wealth is in highly appreciated assets – like shares in the company they founded. They don't need to sell stocks, which would trigger capital gains taxes. Instead, they can take loans against their shares.
In fact, many wealthy people can and do "live off the interest." That is, they put a chunk of their fortune in a relatively safe collection of income-generating assets and live off of that—allowing them to be more adventurous with the rest.
Wealthy people love credit card perks
Different cards offer cash back, rewards, low interest, or no interest. Having a couple of cards is a good way to maximize the perks and avoid high interest costs. Credit cards are typically quite secure, with strong fraud protections in place to safeguard cardholders.
The ultra-wealthy have long exploited a loophole in the way the tax system conceptualizes what is and is not “income.” By using highly appreciated assets as collateral for loans, they can access vast amounts of capital without paying taxes on those gains—immediate cash, with no taxable event.
An easy and impactful way to reduce your capital gains taxes is to use tax-advantaged accounts. Retirement accounts such as 401(k) plans, and individual retirement accounts offer tax-deferred investment. You don't pay income or capital gains taxes on assets while they remain in the account.
According to the latest IRS data, the top 1% of earners paid 40.4% of all federal income taxes in 2022. This underscores the extent to which the burden of the income tax system falls on taxpayers from the highest income groups.
Capital gains tax rates
A capital gains rate of 0% applies if your taxable income is less than or equal to: $47,025 for single and married filing separately; $94,050 for married filing jointly and qualifying surviving spouse; and. $63,000 for head of household.
Net Worth**: It's important to note that not all millionaires earn over $100,000 a year. Some may have accumulated wealth through investments or inheritances, which do not necessarily relate to their annual income.
Kiyosaki: Debt Isn't Always Bad
The difference between the rich and poor, according to Kiyosaki, is how they think about debt. The wealthy understand the difference between good and bad debt — and then use good debt to increase their fortunes faster.
There are 2 primary methods of transferring wealth, either gifting during lifetime or leaving an inheritance at death. Individuals may transfer up to $13.99 million (as of 2025) during their lifetime or at death without incurring any federal gift or estate taxes. This is referred to as your lifetime exemption.
A tax loophole usually arises from an omission, ambiguity, or exception to a certain aspect of the tax code, the set of rules that dictate how much money you are due to pay the government each year. Exploiting tax loopholes is not unlawful.