What is causing the spike in student loan debt?

Asked by: Bertrand Hintz  |  Last update: July 4, 2025
Score: 4.2/5 (63 votes)

3. More adults are burdened with student debt today. One major reason for the significant rise in student debt is that more Americans are borrowing to attend college. The percentage of households with student debt has more than doubled, from 10 percent in 1992 to 21 percent in 2022.

Why is student loan debt increasing?

Student loans can grow because of accruing interest. If you have a $21k loan, and you're not paying enough to cover both interest and principal, the total amount owed can go up. Interest can compound, making the debt grow faster. It's important to make regular payments to keep the balance under control.

What is causing the student debt crisis?

For decades, there had been enthusiastic bipartisan agreement that states should fund high-quality public colleges so that their youth could receive higher education for free or nearly so. As a result of this ideological swing, student loan debt began to mount.

Who is to blame for the high student loan debt?

Low-income, first-generation college students, independent students, and borrowers who are Black, Hispanic or Native American are more likely to borrow larger amounts and face greater difficulty repaying their loans. Female graduates are also more likely to have student loan debt and typically earn less after ...

Why are student loan rates so high right now?

Cost of Education: The rising cost of higher education has led to larger loan amounts. Lenders may set higher interest rates to compensate for the increased risk associated with lending larger sums.

The student loans debt crisis, explained

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What's going on with student loans?

The Supreme Court ruled we could not implement pandemic-related student loan debt relief, so we can't use your application from 2022. The new proposed regulations are different, and we're currently working to finalize their terms, including who may receive loan forgiveness.

Are student loan rates higher than mortgage rates?

Private lenders have their own formulas. Student loan interest rates are typically higher than those of 30-year fixed-rate mortgages.

Why is student loan forgiveness bad for the economy?

If the debt forgiveness program is permitted to move forward, at a time when consumer spending already is high, it could lead to more inflation, Jones said. “We certainly don't have a consumer spending problem right now,” he said.

Why can't student loans be bankrupted?

Why Is It So Hard to Discharge Student Loans in Bankruptcy? Under current bankruptcy law, discharging student loans requires proving undue hardship. The Brunner Test—the standard used by most bankruptcy courts—makes this difficult.

Who owes the most student debt?

Black women owe a disproportionate amount of student debt. They hold 43% more undergraduate debt and nearly 99% more graduate school debt than their white woman counterparts 12 months after graduation, according to an April 2022 study by the nonprofit organization The Education Trust.

What is the single biggest factor contributing to student loan defaults?

They found that attending a for-profit college was the strongest predictor of student loan default — greater than college completion, major, college selectivity, or a student's income level.

What is the Sallie Mae controversy?

After a referral from the CFPB, in 2014, the Department of Justice and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ordered Navient and its predecessor, Sallie Mae, to pay almost $100 million for illegally overcharging nearly 78,000 servicemembers.

Why is college becoming more expensive?

Higher education costs have increased more than 170% over the last 40 years. Lack of regulation of tuition costs, along with increased expenses, raises total costs for students. Administrative overhead and demand for more student services also increase costs.

What is the cause of the student debt crisis?

Students are generally borrowing more because college tuition has grown many times faster than income. The cost of college—and resulting debt—is higher in the United States than in almost all other wealthy countries, where higher education is often free or heavily subsidized.

How many people actually pay off their student loans?

20% of U.S. adults report having paid off student loan debt. The 5-year annual average student loan debt growth rate is 15%. The average student loan debt growth rate outpaces rising tuition costs by 166.9%. In a single year, 31.5% of undergraduate students accepted federal loans.

How much money does the federal government make on student loans?

From 1997 to 2021, the Education Department estimated that payments from federal direct student loans would generate $114 billion for the government. But the GAO found that, as of 2021, the program has actually cost the government an estimated $197 billion.

What is the 7 year rule for student loans?

Both federal and private student loans fall off your credit report about seven years after your last payment or date of default. You default after nine months of nonpayment for federal student loans, and you're not in deferment or forbearance.

How many people regret student loans?

According to a recent Forbes Advisor and Talker Research survey of 2,000 adults, one in three respondents said they regret using student loans to finance their education and would not choose that route again if given the opportunity.

Why can't students pay off their loans?

There are many reasons why students fail to pay back what they owe. Some of them can't find employment, so it is simply unrealistic. Others have so many additional expenses that they can't afford to pay student loans on top of it. Life gets very expensive and people have to make choices.

Why don't people want student loan forgiveness?

Some who oppose student loan forgiveness view education as a private commodity that benefits the person who purchases it."

How much would inflation rise if student loans are forgiven?

In February 2022, CRFB argued that “cancellation of all outstanding student debt would boost . . . inflation by 37 to 50 basis points.” Given that canceling all student debt is more than six times the cost of canceling $10,000, it's hard to see how these two numbers square.

What is worse, credit card debt or student loans?

Credit cards typically carry higher interest rates than student loans, and can often exceed 20%. Federal student loan interest usually falls below 10%. Some students may qualify for federal subsidized loans, where the loan is interest-free while the student is in school.

Why are federal student loans so high?

When market conditions are in flux, the rates for Treasury notes tend to rise. Federal student loan interest rates are fixed over the life of the loan. That means, if you get a federal student loan for your freshman year, the rate it was issued with won't change despite Congress setting a new rate every year.

Are student loans part of the national debt?

Because the amount of funding for new student loans exceeds the amount of repayments from existing loans, the government must borrow the difference, which adds to the national debt.